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, by Fergus Fleming
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Product details
File Size: 1605 KB
Print Length: 368 pages
Publisher: Grove Press; Reprint edition (December 1, 2007)
Publication Date: September 1, 2018
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B005R18BZ8
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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#978,121 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
After the first few chapters-If you have read about one desert voyage, you have read about them all
A great book worth reading and keeping. The author has keen insights and a wonderful sense of humour.
Neil Sheehan did it, and so did Barbara Tuchman. Both quite successfully in my opinion. Sheehan chose the life of John Paul Vann to personify so much of the American experience in Vietnam, in "A Bright Shining Lie"; Tuchman did the same with "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell, to examine the early relationship between China and the United States, in "Stilwell and The American Experience in China." Fergus Fleming chose two individuals who typified the forces behind the French colonial experience in North Africa: Henri Laperrine and Viscomte Charles de Foucauld. Laperrine was the military man, and De Foucauld was the ideologue, the sword and the cross as the title expressed it. I found Fleming's approach equally successful.Algeria was different; different from the colonial experience of any other European power, and it was different from any other colonial possession of France itself, including Vietnam. At the beginning of Algeria's war of independence, in 1954, 10% of the population of the country was of European origins, and they called themselves "Algerians." More so than even Britain's relationship with the "crown jewel of their empire," India, France considered Algeria an integral part of metropolitan France, "the Hexagon." In large measure, this book explains the origins of this relationship. De Foucauld, like others who became religious ascetics, Thomas Merton, St. Augustine, St Paul, started by leading a full and worldly life. Laperrine was a straight line military man, who saw his opportunity for "glory." The story starts in 1880, and ends with the death of Laperrine in 1920 (De Foucauld died in 1916.)Key themes of the colonial experience are universal. It starts with ideologues, "religious men," those who want to convert the natives to their way of thinking, be it bringing them "civilization," as the French liked to put it, Christianity, as many others did, or, as we put it today, "democracy," and "nation building." Inevitably, the ideologues run into trouble with some recalcitrant natives, and military intervention is the "only solution." Fleming states the obvious, missed by so many: "What only a very few French understood was that the people of North Africa honestly did not want to become French" (p 265). Or: "Circular arguments, false enticements, and a feeling that France was letting things slip, fuelled the imperialist urge (p 73). In terms of the personification of those urges, Fleming writes with incisive clarity: "Ever since the death of his parents, Foucauld had existed on a cocktail of impulse, innocence and optimism and had suffered the inevitable disappointments" (p 129).At Amazon this book has garnered a number of negative reviews. And unlike many such, these are thoughtful negative reviews. I simply disagree with their main premises. One is that since the principal characters are not sympathetic (and indeed, each is profoundly flawed), then the book is of limited merit. With that logic, Truman Capote's "In Cold Blood" is utterly worthless. Another reviewer sad that Fleming's style was flat, but consider: "According to Tuareg mythology, God had created the world's mountains by throwing stones at the globe as it spun by. Eventually, tiring of the game, he had emptied his hand into the desert: the resultant jumble of rock was the Hoggar." Or, concerning Foucauld's "singular vision": "Today, cynics might call it the power of fanaticism. In medieval times it would have been called a halo" (p 237).Overall, I feel that Fleming has written an excellent historical account of an area and era that is not well-understood in the English-speaking world, and that he chose the right two men to "personify" the origins of the French push into the North Africa. It can be read for its own sake, certainly, but more importantly for an American reader, whose country is engaged in similar efforts today, it can be read for the parallels with events now. Concerning efforts to overcome the divisions caused by tribal loyalties or religion, consider: "The respect that Laperrine commanded was awesome. Shortly after Djanet, Herisson asked his Arab batman what he would do if there was holy war between the West and Islam. "Cut your throat," the man replied. Herisson then asked him why he served France at all. His answer was that he did not serve France; he served men like Laperrine and Nieger, men who were warriors and who understood the Sahara."I'm pleased to give the book its first 5-star rating.
I'd previously read, and enjoyed, both "Barrow's Boys" and "Killing Dragons." So, I fully expected to enjoy "The Sword And The Cross." Alas, it was not meant to be. The first hundred pages or so held my interest. After that, I just kept reading for the sake of finishing the book. Not a pleasant experience. So, what happened? Mr. Fleming wanted to tell us about the history of the French colonial experience in Algeria and the Sahara. He chose to do this by primarily concentrating on two people: Charles de Foucauld and Henri Laperrine. Unfortunately, the first fellow was so bizarre that it was impossible to sympathize with him. He was a hedonist turned religious fanatic. He was a masochist. Where others travelled by camel in desert temperatures of 120 degrees farenheit, Foucauld chose to walk. He ate almost nothing. He refused to indulge himself with creature comforts. He longed for death. (I'm not guessing about this or playing armchair psychiatrist. Fleming quotes several times from Foucauld's journal concerning his lifelong deathwish.) Foucauld wanted to convert Moslems to Christianity and set himself up as an example of a person living a Christian life. However, he really had no interest in other people and longed for solitude. Not surprisingly, he failed to gain converts. Despite espousing Christian principles, he was very inconsiderate of his long-suffering manservant and he spent much of his lifetime gathering intelligence to pass on to the French military. Mr. Fleming quotes many people who looked upon Foucauld as a holy-man. It is clear that, in person, he possessed "a certain something" which caused people to look upon him that way. Unfortunately, it doesn't come across on the page. One gets only the impression of an egocentric, unhappy, and self-destructive "nut." We wind up not caring about what he does or what happens to him. With Laperrine we have a different problem. Not much is known about him and he wasn't big on self-publicity. Hence, he floats in and out of the narrative and we never get a handle on who he is and what he wants, other than that he wanted France to be successful in the colonization of the Sahara. One of Fleming's major themes is that the French really had no compelling reason to be in the Sahara. It was sort of, "well, everybody else has colonies, so we want some too...even if we are talking about thousands of miles of desert." At one point, Fleming enjoys writing about one "native notable" who agreed to go to France for a visit. Upon returning home to Africa, he was mystified as to why people who "had Paris" would want to come to the desert. Fleming's point is that there was no point - after the initial contacts, the French presence just sort of snowballed. The book is filled with numerous trips through the desert by the French military, as they try to prove to the Arabs and Tuaregs that they are in control. But, since the whole thing is so pointless, we wind up not caring about any of this. Frankly, it is monotonous and boring to read about. I am a Francophile, and Mr. Fleming is a very good writer, but I couldn't get worked up about any of this. I suppose that if you are French, this background to what became the "Algerian Nightmare" of the mid-20th century (a military quagmire with terrorist attacks, to boot) might be of some scholarly interest. Otherwise, for the general reader, I just can't recommend this book.
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